Submitted by PeggyHolman on Wed, 04/30/2008 – 9:15am
150 journalists, technologists, educators, and others gathered at Yahoo! this afternoon for the launch of NewsTools2008 – the most current JtM gathering that is focused on innovations for “journalism that matters.”
To provide a common framework for the diverse participants, we
introduced two “value network maps”; one of the old newsroom and the
other of the emerging news ecology, along with a description of Value
Network Mapping and Analysis. Here’s the Mapping Handout; the same text follows.
For 150 years the editors of American newspapers ruled the media landscape.
The men at the helm of newsrooms, and most editors are male, set agendas.
They directed massive staffs of journalists whose work poured through an assembly line of cultivating sources, writing, editing, production, printing and delivery.
They operated as
esteemed members of The Fourth Estate, imagining themselves as
independent counterbalances to the forces of power.
The work of reporters, photographers, and editors became more than a craft. It grew to be a profession, with professional wages, benefits and perks.
The public’s appetite and loyalty to their work was immense.
Huge consumer audiences built around the newspapers at the first half of the 20th century. The newspapers pronounced, and the masses listened.
Later, as audiences shifted to television, which broadcast one way, and every household in America tuned in.
Through it all, the
words, photos and editorial judgments of the newspaper and television
newsrooms, editors, and reporters continued to set local and national
agendas.
And it was a hugely
profitable business model. Major department stores, auto dealers, and
job-seekers aggregated around the news pages and the news content.
Profits for both commercial television stations and monopolistic newspapers rose to 30% or more as massive advertising dollars poured in a mass medium.
Then the world changed.
– Chris Peck
At the beginning of the 21st century, the World Wide Web changed the business and information distribution model for all media.
No longer were printing presses and transmission towers the only means of communication. A laptop and a broadband hookup did the same work, thank-you.
Journalists for a day, a weekend, or a cause began to supplant journalists at desks, with their pensions and a boss.
The
audience formerly known as newspaper readers and television viewers
awoke to the freedom of connectivity in a digital age. Virtual communities and international communities of interest transcended geographic communities and the sense of place.
In a flash, media expectations, models and roles all changed.
Media
morphed into many-to-many conversations. Content emerged raw and
unedited, rather than as carefully parsed verified tidbits produced by
trained journalists.
Stories grew on their own, without an editor. Photos were shared without a darkroom.
Bloggers filled content gaps left
open or once occupied by paid, professional reporters. User-generated
content both encroached on and enriched the media.
Money
that once went to news content writers and editors began to flow
instead to those who aggregated the news, but did not create it.
Public policy could be shaped by Matt Drudge working in his basement or by a YouTube video captured on a $100 digital camera.
The old media world staggered.
New roles and a new vocabulary have begun emerging.
Some reporters become “beat bloggers” tapping into networks of bloggers to bring complex stories into focus. “Community weavers” create a sense of community among the former audience and with formal news entities. “Information architects” make intelligible the vast amounts of data and images now available. While editors continue to be sense makers,
connecting facts and making story lines visible, ultimately who filters
news from noise, how it happens, and who pays for it is still unfolding. Even the definition of “news” is up for grabs as memes — cultural units of information equivalent to genes in the body — replace an event orientation to story.
The new media world has opened the floodgates of opportunity.
– Chris Peck, Peggy Holman, and Stephen Silha
_____________________________________________________
Value Network Mapping and Analysis
Value Network Mapping and Analysis is a tool
developed by Verna Allee that displays a holistic picture of a system.
This tool was brought to News Tools 2008 to:
· give those unfamiliar with the ‘traditional’ newsroom a clear map of how news was produced and value flowed;
· give
those familiar with the “traditional” newsroom an explicit articulation
of value flow in that system in contrast to emerging systems of news
sourcing and distribution;
· give
everyone a common “language” or “mapping tool” to consider the emerging
news ecology and how new roles and value flows can help create a
thriving environment.
The first step in the process is to identify roles in a system and the second step is to map the value flows.
Roles are real people or groups
of people that generate transactions, send messages, engage in
interactions, add value, and make decisions. The journalism maps include “reporter” “editor” “source” “community weaver” “advertisers”.
Once these roles were identified, we considered two kinds of value exchange:
Tangible value: All exchanges of
goods, services or revenue, including all transactions involving
contracts, invoices, return receipt of orders, requests for proposals,
confirmations and payments are considered to be tangible value.
Products or services that generate revenue or are expected as part of a
service are also included in the tangible value flow of goods,
services, and revenue.
A simple example is a customer (this is a role)
goes to a store and buys groceries from the cashier (role). Money is
paid in return for goods – vegetables. If the customer lives in a small
town and has an ongoing patronage relationship with the cashier, there
might be an intangible value exchange of information about their
families and the neighborhood.
Intangible value: Two primary
subcategories are included in intangible value: knowledge and benefits.
Intangible knowledge exchanges include strategic information, planning
knowledge, process knowledge, technical know-how, collaborative design
and policy development; which support the product and service tangible
value network. Intangible benefits are also considered favors that can
be offered from one person to another. Examples include offering
political or emotional support to someone. Another example is a
research organization asking someone to volunteer their time and
expertise in exchange for the intangible benefit of prestige by
affiliation.
Once the roles and value flows are mapped, the
picture of the whole system can be used to facilitate relationship
management in an ecosystem, consider the business web and ecosystem
development, consider options for process re-design, support
communities of practice, or consider cost benefits and risks in
existing and emerging systems.
For more information on Value Network Mapping. visit www.value-networks.com.
Prepared by Kaliya Hamlin, www.unconference.net
Other Emerging Roles
We chose three roles – community, beat blogger, and sense-maker to
begin to create a map of the emerging news ecology. Other roles that
surfaced as we shared stories that provided insight into the map are:
• Curator
• Aggregator
• News Recommender
• Community Host/Manager
• Data Base Manager
• Video Blogger
• Funder
• Information Architect
• Developer
• Programmer
• Network reporter
• Group filter